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Gandhara’s geographical position, situated
between the Persian world to the west and the
Indian to the east, ensured that it was open to a
wide variety of artistic influences. Often
described as a ‘cultural melting pot,’ its strategic
importance left it vulnerable to attack. Briefly in
the hands of Alexander the Great between 327
-326 B.C., Greek artistic conventions long played
an important role in local production. However
whilst Gandhara clearly came under the influence
of an extraordinary wide range of outside
influences, it was also an exporter of ideas. This
is most apparent in relation to the spread of
Buddhism from India into other parts of Asia.
Gandharan monks and scribes were particularly
active in areas of China. According to tradition
Buddhism was first introduced into the
Gandharan region under the patronage of Asoka,
emperor of the Mauryan dynasty, in the third
century B.C. The first significant physical remains
to survive, including stupas and figurative
sculpture, date from the first century B.C.
Between c.100-400 A.D. sculptors working in
schist, terracotta and stucco produced an
astonishing number and variety of Buddhist
images.
This stucco head is remarkable for the excellent
condition of the original polychromy.
Bodhisattvas were enlightened beings who
delayed their own entry to Nirvana to help others
to end the cycle of birth and rebirth. Although
there is some damage to the left ear, the
elongated earlobe is clearly visible on the
figure’s right. Bodhisattvas were typically richly
adorned in contrast to the modest apparel of the
historical buddha who renounced his material
wealth. This example is no exception; the
surviving earring has been carefully moulded
with an oval and stylised flower design. The most
attractive feature however is the twisted cord
which has been used to fix the curly hair in a
top-knot. Three large red beads and small
flowers make a pleasing contrast with the blue
pigment used for the curls. The downward gaze,
large almond shaped eyes and small mouth all
contribute to the beauty of this piece.
- (AM.0215)
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