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This magnificent bodhisattva comes from the
ancient civilisation of Gandhara, located in the
region encompassing modern north-eastern
Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan.
Buddhism flourished here from the 3rd century
B.C. and the region played an important role in
transmitting the faith from India to other parts of
Asia, especially China. Gandhara was particularly
vulnerable to invasion because of its enviable
position on the Silk Route. As a consequence
artistic production betrays many outside
influences, especially Hellenistic and Indian.
The popularity of bodhisattvas increased
considerable in the early centuries of the first
millennium. Originally portrayed solely as
attendants of the Buddha, in time they appeared
alone as figures of veneration in their own right.
Bodhisattvas were believed to have accumulated
enough merit to enter Nirvana. However, owing
to their compassion, they chose to remain in the
earthly realm to help others end the cycle of
birth and rebirth. In contrast to images of the
modestly attired Buddha, Bodhisattvas are
usually recognisable through the wealth and
elaborateness of their clothing and jewellery.
This sculpture is no exception. Wearing an Indian
style dhoti, the naked torso is adorned with
elaborate Scythian style jewellery including a
wide torque around the neck, a beaded necklace
and a string with amulets draped diagonally
across the body. Twisted cords
adorn the hair which is plaited at either side.
Carved in very high relief, rather than in the
round, this figure may one have adorned a stupa
or monastic enclosure. It is carved from schist,
one of the materials most frequently deployed by
Gandharan artists. The moustache is one of the
most easily recognisable features of Gandharan
Buddhist imagery and was largely confined to
this locality. Despite damage to the arms, the
figure is in remarkable condition and the carving,
especially the drapery folds is of exceptional
quality.
- (AM.0224)
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