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African & Tribal Art :
Bankoni : Bankoni Terracotta Figure
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Bankoni Terracotta Figure - PF.5760
Origin: Mali, West Africa
Circa: 12
th
Century AD
to 16
th
Century AD
Dimensions:
23" (58.4cm) high
x 6" (15.2cm) wide
Collection: Afican Art
Style: Bankoni
Medium: Terracotta
Location: United States
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Description |
This delightful sculpture comes from the inland
Niger River Delta region in modern day Mali. Of
the many styles discovered in the area, the
Bankoni are among the most famous and fruitful.
All the objects made by the various civilizations
can be dated from the 12th to 16th century A.D.
The Bankoni is, strictly speaking, a ceramic
style, which, along with the Djenne style, was
the main stylistic subdivision of the Malian
Empire. The Djenne and Bankoni styles ran
contemporaneously and were based around the
cities of Djenne-Djenno and Bamako,
respectively.
Djenne and Bankoni sculpture is highly
significant in the development of West African
art styles. In simplistic terms, their central
preoccupation was seated, standing and
kneeling human figures, in addition to equestrian
and zoomorphic/anthropomorphic divertimenti.
Djenne pieces tend to be naturalistic, while
Bankoni sculptures tend towards elongated
proportions. Owing to the popularity of these
pieces, sites have been systematically plundered
so we know almost nothing of their culture
beyond its evident refinement. It was evidently
highly socially stratified, with major markers of
wealth including scarifications, jewellery, horses
and prestige artefacts such as the sculptures
themselves.
The works of the Bankoni can be characterized
by their elongated proportions and distinctive
faces. The facial structures are rather simply
modeled. The eyes and mouth are vertical slits
incised into the clay while the nose is a
prominent ridge that dominates the face. This
figure wears a few armbands, highlighting the
joins of its limbs.
Objects such as this have long posed a puzzle
to African art historians. They are mostly found
in graves, but it is unclear whether they also had
a function in everyday activities, or were made
specifically as burial goods. It has been
suggested that they were rattles or alternatively
that they represent sacrificial animals that could
be “sacrificed” without losing valuable livestock.
Their obvious lack of utilitarian function has led
to the theory that they were devotional objects
of some sort.
- (PF.5760)
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