The Yoruba are the largest ethnic group in Africa
and are the most prolific of its art-producing
peoples. Their art reflects complex systems of
religion, social organization, and government, all
of which are implemented by special voluntary
associations. Moreover, Yoruba culture has a
rich spiritual philosophy that has its ancient
roots in Nigeria. Such spiritual ideas are often
conveyed in Yoruba arts, giving us clues to the
ancient thoughts. This archeological stone
sculpture of a janiform head is a fine example
that suggests the ancient concepts. Most likely a
double-headed deity, this oval shaped stone
sculpture depicts two faces. The faces are carved
to show the fleshiness of the features, for
example the large cheeks and the fleshy mouths.
The one set of highly stylized ears are positioned
close by the other pair, visually connecting the
two heads that are facing away. Such a janiform
sculpture perhaps expresses the Yoruba
conception of self as having exterior (Ode) and
interior--the "inner head"--(Inu) aspects. Such
concept of divided individuality, passed down
from generation to generation, most likely is
valued in present Nigeria as it has been for
centuries. This beautifully carved stone
sculpture is a marvelous evidence of ancient
philosophy that is still thought of and discussed
today.
- (PF.2297)
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